Shakespeare's Globe

Shakespeare's Globe
Shakespeare's Globe in May 2003
Address	21 New Globe Walk
City	Southwark, London
Country	UK
Architect	Pentagram
Owned by	The Shakespeare Globe Trust
Opened	1997
www.shakespeares-globe.org

Shakespeare's Globe is a reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, an Elizabethan playhouse in the London Borough of Southwark on the south bank of the River Thames which was destroyed by fire in 1613. The modern reconstruction was founded by the actor and director Sam Wanamaker and built approximately 230 metres (750 ft) from the site of the original theatre. The theatre was opened to the public in August 1996 with Jack Shepherd's 'Prologue Production' of The Two Gentlemen of Verona starring Mark Rylance as Proteus. The formal opening Gala was held in 1997.

The original Globe

The original Globe Theatre was built in 1599 by the playing company, Lord Chamberlain's Men, to which Shakespeare belonged, and was destroyed by fire on June 29, 1613. The fire was caused by an accident with a cannon during a production of Henry VIII.^[1] The theatre was rebuilt by June 1614 (the exact opening date is not known), but was officially closed by pressure of Puritan opinion in 1642 and demolished in 1644 .^[2]

History

The modern reconstruction of the Globe Theatre, in London.

In 1970 American actor and director Sam Wanamaker, founded the Shakespeare Globe Trust, and International Shakespeare Globe Centre with the objective of building a faithful recreation of Shakespeare’s Globe close to its original Bankside, Southwark location. While many had said that the Globe reconstruction was impossible to achieve, he persevered for over twenty years, and eventually a new Globe theatre was built according to a design based on the research of historical advisor John Orrell.^[3] The rest of the design team comprised Theo Crosby of Pentagram as the architect, Buro Happold as structural and services engineers and Boyden & Co as quantity surveyors. The construction was undertaken by McCurdy & Co.^[4]

The theatre opened in 1997^[5] under the name "Shakespeare's Globe Theatre" and now stages plays every summer. Mark Rylance was appointed as the first artistic director in 1995 and was succeeded by Dominic Dromgoole in 2006.^[6]

The new theatre on Bankside is approximately 230 metres (750 ft) from the original site, centre to centre,^[7] and was the first thatched roof building permitted in London since the Great Fire of London in 1666.^[8]

As in the original Globe, the theatre has a thrust stage that projects into a large circular yard surrounded by three tiers of steeply raked seating.

The modern Globe from the River Thames.

The only covered parts of the amphitheatre are the stage and the (more expensive) seated areas. Plays are staged during the summer, usually between May and the first week of October, and in the winter the theatre is used for educational purposes. Tours are available all year round.

The reconstruction was carefully researched so that the new building would be as faithful a replica of the original as possible. This was aided by the discovery of the remains of the original Globe Theatre as final plans were being made for the site and structure. Performances are staged in a manner which is as close as possible to the original environment; there are no spotlights, the plays are staged during daylight hours and in the evenings (with the help of interior floodlights), there are no microphones, speakers or amplification. All music is performed live on period instruments, the actors can see the audience and the audience can see each other, adding to the feeling of a shared experience and community event.

The building itself is constructed entirely of English oak, with mortise and tenon joinery.^[9] - no structural steel was used. It is, in this sense, an "authentic" 16th century timber-framed building. The seats are simple benches (though cushions can be hired for performances) and the Globe has the first and only thatched roof permitted in London since the Great Fire of 1666.^[9] The modern thatch is well protected by fire retardants, and sprinklers on the roof ensure further protection against fire. The pit, however, has concrete flooring^[9] as opposed to the earthen ground covered with strewn rush in the original theatre. The "authentic" theatre has extensive backstage support areas for the actors and musicians and is attached to a modern lobby, restaurant, gift shop and visitors' centre for the public. Seating capacity is 857^[10] with an additional 700 "groundlings" standing in the pit,^[11] making up an audience about half the size of a typical audience in Shakespeare's time.

Other replicas

Globe-Theater, Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.

Replicas and free interpretations of the Globe have been built around the world:

United States

• Ashland, Oregon, OSF Elizabethan Theatre
• Cedar City, Utah, Adams Shakespearean Theatre
• Dallas, Texas, Old Globe Theatre
• Odessa, Texas The Globe Theatre of the Great Southwest^[12]
• San Diego, Old Globe Theatre^[13]
• Williamsburg, Virginia, Globe Theatre, in Busch Gardens Williamsburg^[14]

Germany

• Neuss am Rhein, Globe Neuss^[15]
• Rust, Baden, Germany, Europa-Park
• Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg — which houses a replica of the interior of the Globe Theatre

Italy

• Rome, Globe Theatre^[16]

Japan

• Tokyo, Panasonic Globe Theatre

Notes

References

• Carson, Christie and Karim Cooper, Farah (September 2008) Shakespeare's Globe, A Theatrical Experiment, Cambridge University Press, UK, ISBN 9780521701662
• King, T.J. (1971). Shakespearean Staging, 1599-1642. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. ISBN 0674804902. 
• Nagler, A.M. (1958). Shakespeare's Stage. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300026897. 
• Schoenbaum, Samuel (1991). Shakespeare's Lives. Oxford: Clarendon Press. ISBN 0198186185. 

Literature

• Carson and Karim-Cooper 'Shakespeare's Globe: A theatrical Experiement' Cambridge University Press, 2008, 9780521701662
• Day, Barry: This Wooden 'O': Shakespeare's Globe Reborn. Oberon Books, London, 1997. ISBN 1-870259-99-8.
• Rylance, Mark: Play: A Recollection in Pictures and Words of the First Five Years of Play at Shakespeares's Globe Theatre. Photogr.: Sheila Burnett, Donald Cooper, Richard Kolina, John Tramper. Shakespeare's Globe Publ., London, 2003. ISBN 0-9536480-4-4.

External links

• Shakespeare's Globe Theatre website
• Plays performed at the reconstructed Globe (by season) (Shakespeare's Globe)
• Globe Theatre Study Guide
• Building a Piece of History The Story of the New Globe Theatre By Zachary T. Oser
• Satellite photo of the rebuilt Globe Theatre
• Rose Theatre Website
• 3D Model of Globe Theatre done by Wesleyan University's Learning Objects Studio
• Shakespeare's Globe at the Shakespeare Resource Center
• Doctor Who Episode guide for 'The Shakespeare Code'
• Shakespeare's Globe 2008 'Totus Mundus' season
• Tokyo Globe Theatre (Japanese only)